Operations and Technical Support

Standard Operational Procedures (SOP), Recommended Practices for running good logs, Adequate Calibration, Quality Control, Standardized Presentations, Interpretation, Bond Index Calculation, Customer Compliance, reporting.

Standard Operational Procedures (SOP), Correct Finger and Accelerometer Calibration, Temperature Compensation, Quality Control, Centralization, Standardized Presentations, Interpretation, Customer Compliance, Reporting.

Different Types of Detection Hardware, Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) for every tool type, Recommended Practices for running good logs, Calibration Requirements, Quality Control, Centralization, Standardized Presentations, Processing and Interpretation, Customer Compliance, Reporting.

Sensors Required for every run, Adequate Pressure Control, Standard Operational Procedures (SOP), Recommended Practices for running good logs, Sensor Calibration, Quality Control, Centralization, Standardized Presentations, Processing and Interpretation, Customer Compliance, Reporting.

Different hardware available, Recommended Practices for running good logs, How to design good logging programs, Quality Control, Centralization, Standardized Presentations, Processing and Interpretation, Customer Compliance, Reporting.

Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) is a fiber-optic technology that provides continuous, real-time temperature measurements along the entire length of a wellbore.

Instead of using individual point sensors, a DTS system uses a single optical fiber cable, installed permanently or temporarily in the well, as the sensing element. This allows it to collect temperature data at thousands of discrete points simultaneously, creating a continuous thermal profile of the well.

The technology is based on Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR). The DTS instrument sends pulses of laser light down the optical fiber. As the light travels, a small portion is scattered back to the instrument due to molecular vibrations in the fiber glass—a phenomenon known as Raman scattering.

This backscattered light consists of two components:

• Stokes Raman backscatter, which is largely temperature-independent.

• Anti-Stokes Raman backscatter, which is highly temperature-dependent.

By analyzing the ratio of these two signals and the time it takes for the light to return, the system can precisely calculate the temperature at every point along the fiber.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber-optic technology that transforms a standard optical fiber into a continuous array of thousands of individual vibration sensors (or virtual microphones) along the entire length of the wellbore. Rather than measuring static temperature, DAS detects dynamic strain changes and acoustic signals in real-time, effectively "hearing" what is happening inside and surrounding the well at every point simultaneously.

The technology is based on Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR), but specifically utilizes Coherent Rayleigh Scattering.

The DAS interrogator sends a highly coherent laser pulse down the optical fiber. As the pulse travels, it encounters microscopic imperfections in the glass, which scatter a small portion of the light back to the instrument (Rayleigh backscatter).

When an external acoustic wave or vibration impacts the fiber, it causes microscopic stretching and compression of the glass. This changes the phase of the backscattered light. By sending thousands of pulses per second and comparing the phase differences between successive returns, the DAS system can quantitatively measure the frequency, amplitude, and location of every acoustic event along the fiber. The time-of-flight of the light determines the exact position of the event.